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News and Mail transfer require that a binary attachment is "encoded" before it is sent. And they are "decoded" after they have been received. Normally all this is done by your newsreader (or mail-program). You don't see it. Most don't even know it.

The encoding is necessary because the special methods for the transfer of news & mail (protocols) require it. A message with a binary which is not encoded is corrupted during transmission - or transmission is denied at all.
When binary files like MP3 songs or JPG pictures are transmitted through Usenet, they must be encoded into a set of printable characters that can be part of messages.

There are several methods for encoding these files into characters. The most common method used is called "UUencoding". This method has been around for a long time, and 90+% of all files sent through Usenet use UUencoding.

A second method is called "Base64".  This method of encoding is the most common method for encoding binary files attached to e-mail messages, but it is rarely used for Usenet messages.

The third, and newest, method for encoding files is called "
yEnc". It was invented in 2001 and has the advantage of being about 20% more efficient than UUencoding for most binary files. While UUencoding is still far more popular, yEnc is catching on quickly in some binary newsgroups.

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